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Pedagogy of the oppressed
2009
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Summary

First published in Portuguese in 1968, Pedagogy of the Oppressed was translated and published in English in 1970. The methodology of the late Paulo Freire has helped to empower countless impoverished and illiterate people throughout the world. Freire's work has taken on especial urgency in the United States and Western Europe, where the creation of a permanent underclass among the underprivileged and minorities in cities and urban centers is increasingly accepted as the norm.

With a substantive new introduction on Freire's life and the remarkable impact of this book by writer and Freire confidant and authority Donaldo Macedo, this anniversary edition of Pedagogy of the Oppressed will inspire a new generation of educators, students, and general readers for years to come.

Table of Contents
Introduction to the Anniversary Edition    Donald Macedo
Foreword    Richard Shaull
Preface
Chapter 1The justification for a pedagogy of the oppressed
The contradiction between the oppressors and the oppressed, and how it is overcome
Oppression and the oppressors
Oppression and the oppressed
Liberation: not a gift, not a self-achievement, but a mutual process
Chapter 2The "banking" concept of education as an instrument of oppressionâ€"its presuppositionsâ€"a critique
The problem-posing concept of education as an instrument for liberationâ€"its presuppositions
The "banking" concept and the teacher-student contradiction
The problem-posting concept and the supersedence of the teacher-student contradiction
Education: a mutual process, world-mediated
People as uncompleted beings, conscious of their incompletion, and their attempt to be more fully human
Chapter 3Dialogicsâ€"the essence of education as the practice of freedom
Dialogics and dialogue
Dialogue and the search for program content
The human-world relationship, "generative themes," and the program content of education as the practice of freedom
The investigation of "generative themes" and its methodology
The awakening of critical consciousness through investigation of "generative themes"
The various stages of the investigation
Chapter 4Antidialogics and dialogics as matrices of opposing theories of cultural action: the former as an instrument of oppression and the latter as an instrument of liberation
The theory of antidialogical action and its characteristics: conquest, divide and rule, manipulation, and cultural invasion
The theory of dialogical action and its characteristics: cooperation, unity, organization, and cultural synthesis
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